A novrl clnss of v, Iccines, based on immunization with plasmId DNA (variousl; termed ‘genetic’,‘nucleic a&id’or ‘DNA’inI-munization-WC shalt use the latter term) may hold the promise of prr, recting against disease withour many of the disadvantage\ associated with vaccines presently in use. Before describing t.: ese vactines in more detail. we highlight the possible benefits of DNA immunization by presenting brief overviews, first. of antimicrobial immune reinoculation with plasmid DNA vectors encoding immunogenic proteins induces both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which often provide protective immunity. Although many questions regarding the mechanism, efficacy and safety of DNA immunization remain to be addressed, this approach may offer a safer and more cost-effective alternative to conventional vaccines.